Nadeem's first throw covered 76.69 meters, while his second attempt was recorded as a foul. He then managed a throw of 80.29 meters in his third attempt.
His fourth, fifth and sixth attempts were also fouls, leaving him in fourth place and without a medal.
Sri Lanka's Ramesh Pathiraja won the event with a throw of 88.55 meters. India's Yashvir Singh finished second with 85.72 meters, while compatriot Rohit Yadav took third place with 84.35 meters.
Nadeem had won gold at the Asian Athletics Championships last year with a throw of 86.4 meters.
At the Paris 2024 Olympics, Nadeem set an Olympic record with a throw of 92.97 meters.
