The demonstrations, scheduled for Halloween, come two weeks after riots and looting took security forces by surprise, leaving shops, businesses and public buildings damaged in cities across the country.
Interior Minister Laurent Nunez has vowed to prevent a repeat of the violence.
"Everyone is on deck to ensure an extremely firm response to any trouble," Nunez said at a news conference earlier this week. He described Saturday as a day carrying a "very high risk" of unrest.
Authorities are also concerned that some protesters could use Halloween masks to conceal their identities. Nunez said existing laws allow police to prohibit face coverings when public order is at risk.
The US Embassy has advised travellers to avoid areas where demonstrations or large gatherings are planned.
Anger over living costs and public services
The protests gained momentum in late September when Macron’s minority government began discussions on the 2027 national budget.
France is facing public debt approaching 120% of its economic output, alongside rising borrowing costs. The government is under pressure to reduce public spending, limiting its ability to address growing public demands.
Students protesting against deteriorating school facilities, overcrowded classrooms and an admissions system widely considered unfair have been joined by trade unions and members of the revived Yellow Vest movement, which is demanding action on the cost of living.
Aaron Berthier de Grandry, a 15-year-old student from the Paris suburb of Nogent-sur-Marne, said he planned to join his third consecutive weekend of protests.
"When I was little, I was told young people were the future," he said.
"Well, if we, as the future of France, lack resources, that means France will end up collapsing."
Government promises to reform education and reduce fuel costs have so far failed to ease public anger.
Protests spread across Europe
The demonstrations in France have inspired youth-led protests in other European countries. Rallies are planned in more than 30 German cities on Saturday.
The unrest has also created political opportunities for far-right leader Marine Le Pen, who is leading opinion polls ahead of France's April presidential election. Meanwhile, potential centrist successors to Macron remain divided.
The protests are adding to pressure on an already struggling French economy. Data released on Friday showed that the country's economy unexpectedly contracted in the third quarter, partly due to falling exports.
France's Chamber of Commerce estimates that retailers have suffered losses exceeding €1 billion, or approximately $1.1 billion. Other estimates suggest the total could be twice as high when uninsured damage and lost revenue are included.
Along Paris's main shopping streets, Christmas lights are already illuminating areas where shop windows remain boarded up and security shutters are in place. Stores belonging to luxury brands such as Hermès, Louis Vuitton and Burberry were among those targeted during previous unrest.
Government plans penalties for rioters
The government is also pursuing a controversial law that would make people involved in riots liable to pay up to €10,000, or around $11,000, for damage caused either by themselves or by groups they are considered to belong to.
However, human rights organisations and some lawyers have criticised the proposed measure, arguing that it could undermine the right to peaceful protest.
