The agreement, signed by the three countries in August, was submitted to the Turkish parliament for approval last month. Under its terms, an armed attack against one signatory is considered an attack against all three.
A ruling party lawmaker told Reuters last month that Türkiye would also submit a separate mandate to parliament seeking authorisation to deploy military personnel to Saudi Arabia under the agreement.
During the parliamentary debate, Justice and Development Party lawmaker Ziya Altunyaldiz said the pact aimed to strengthen regional security cooperation, state-run Anadolu Agency reported.
He said the agreement was not directed against any third country and was intended to prevent conflicts rather than escalate them.
According to the agreement's text, seen by Reuters, its first article requires the signatories to use “all necessary means” to address threats to one another’s territorial integrity, sovereignty and internationally recognised borders.
Article 2 states that if one country faces an armed attack or military aggression by another country or group of countries, the other signatories must provide immediate assistance using available mutual support measures.
The provision is similar to Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and refers to Article 51 of the United Nations Charter, which recognises the individual and collective right of states to self-defence against armed attacks.
The three countries will determine the nature and scale of assistance after assessing the support required. Their cooperation will depend on available resources, including military capabilities.
Agreement sets minimum 10-year commitment
The pact stipulates that none of the three signatories can withdraw during the first 10 years after it enters into force.
After that period, a country seeking to leave must provide at least three months’ written notice to the other signatories through diplomatic channels.
The agreement will remain in force indefinitely, subject to its withdrawal provisions.
A country's withdrawal will not affect activities or projects agreed upon before its departure. Obligations concerning the protection of classified information will also remain binding.
The signatories are required to maintain the confidentiality of classified information and documents exchanged under the agreement. Such material cannot be disclosed or transferred to any state, company or individual outside the pact.
Any amendments to the agreement must be discussed through consultations and approved unanimously by the designated “Core Parties”.
Defence cooperation and regional security
At an emergency meeting of the alliance in Riyadh last month, the three countries agreed to ensure the “rapid deployment” of military forces and capabilities in Saudi Arabia amid Houthi attacks.
Türkiye, which has a developed defence industry, has condemned the attacks and expressed its willingness to help meet Saudi Arabia’s military technology requirements.
Ankara has also agreed to join a Saudi-led coalition aimed at ensuring safe navigation in the Red Sea.
Beyond collective defence, the agreement provides for cooperation in the defence industry, intelligence sharing, logistical support and efforts to combat terrorism, including at the operational level.
It also covers joint military training and cooperation in research, development and advanced technologies.
